Six indicators of PA were examined: participation in vigorous physical activity (VPA) that made the respondent sweat and breathe hard for at least 20 minutes on 3 or more of the previous 7 days (based on adult recommendations for PA that were commonly used for children at the time of the study [16]); participation on at least 1 sports team in the previous year (for 8th and 11th grade, measures include participation on sports teams run by school and outside of school); current participation in other organized PA or lessons; participation in exercises to strengthen or tone muscles on 3 or more of the previous 7 days (8th and 11th grade only); and physical education (PE) class on 4 or more days during an average school week (Table 1). Two indicators assessed sedentary behavior (Table 2): watching television/video movies and playing computer/video games for 3 or more hours per day. These self-reported measures are identical to or adapted from the PA and media behavior measures used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (17), several of which are based on 7-day recall measures. Seven-day recall measures have adequate reliability and validity for 5th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade children in the United States (18). Questionnaires and protocols for SPAN were developed, pilot-tested, and assessed for reproducibility as part of the School-Based Nutrition Monitoring project (19,20). Among 4th-grade students, test-retest κ statistics ranged from 0.51 to 0.87 for PA and media behavior measures (19); in 8th-grade students, κ statistics ranged from 0.51 to 0.77 (20), indicating an acceptable-to-good level of reproducibility (Table 1). Standard protocols for administration of the survey are described elsewhere (19,20). Measures of sociodemographic characteristics included age, ethnicity, and percentage of economically disadvantaged students. Age was self-reported and was included as a continuous variable in the analysis. Ethnicity was also self-reported and is described earlier. Percentage of economically disadvantaged students was included as a measure of socioeconomic status (SES). This measure is based on TEA data from 2003-2004 and represents the percentage of economically disadvantaged students in the school. The TEA uses 3 categories to classify students as economically disadvantaged: eligible for free meals under the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program, eligible for reduced-cost meals under the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program, and other economically disadvantaged, which includes family with an annual income at or below the US poverty threshold.
hindi b grade movies list
2ff7e9595c
Commenti